Smart Helmet System: An IOT-Based Safety and Security Solution

Abstract

The Smart Helmet system is an IoT-enabled solution designed to enhance road safety, prevent vehicle theft, and detect fuel pilferage. It integrates multiple technologies including biometric authentication, ignition control, real-time fuel monitoring, and mobile access to ensure vehicle operation only by authorized users wearing the helmet. The system uses a fingerprint scanner for rider verification, a sensor for helmet detection, and a fuel sensor to monitor fuel levels. It is connected to a mobile application that allows real-time alerts and remote ignition control. This multifunctional approach aims to enforce helmet usage, prevent unauthorized vehicle use, and rotect against fuel theft, promoting safer and smarter transportation

Introduction

Rising road traffic injuries and vehicle-related crimes, especially involving two-wheelers, are a major concern. Many accidents occur due to riders not wearing helmets, while vehicle theft and fuel pilferage add financial and security risks. Current solutions tend to be reactive and fragmented.

The Smart Helmet system offers an integrated, proactive IoT-based approach combining helmet usage enforcement, biometric (fingerprint) ignition access, real-time fuel theft monitoring, and mobile app control. Riders must wear the helmet and authenticate via fingerprint before ignition activates. The mobile app provides alerts and remote vehicle control, making the system cost-effective, scalable, and user-friendly for individuals and fleet operators.

The literature review notes existing technologies address some but not all issues, lacking a comprehensive, integrated solution. This project fills that gap.

Methodology involved designing the system with an ESP32 microcontroller, sensors for helmet detection, fingerprint authentication, and fuel level monitoring, along with a mobile app linked through Firebase. The system was developed, integrated, and tested to ensure ignition is blocked without helmet or fingerprint verification, detect fuel theft, and enable remote locking/unlocking.

Results showed the prototype performed reliably with effective helmet enforcement, fingerprint authentication, fuel theft alerts, and responsive mobile control, all with low power consumption and minimal latency.

Conclusion

The Smart Helmet system effectively combines road safety enforcement, biometric authentication, and fuel theft prevention into a unified IoT platform. It offers a reliable, real-time solution for vehicle owners to prevent unauthorized use and theft, and to ensure safer driving practices. By integrating sensors, microcontrollers, cloud services, and mobile apps, this system provides an innovative approach to modern vehicle safety challenges. Future upgrades can include GPS tracking, accident detection, and AI- based behavior analysis for advanced safety features.

References

Kumar, A., & Sharma, R. (2019). Smart Helmet Using IoT. IJERT. [2] Singh, M., & Verma, P. (2020). IoT-Based Accident Detection. IJCA. [3] Choudhary, R., & Patel, M. (2021). Biometric Vehicle Ignition System. IJITEE. [4] Bhattacharya, S., & Jain, P. (2022). IoT Fuel Theft Detection. IEEE Conf. [5] Firebase, Google Developers. https://firebase.google.com [6] Thingspeak IoT Analytics. https://thingspeak.com [7] Arduino Project Hub. https://create.arduino.cc

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Dineshkumar M, Vijayalakshmi M, Monal G, Karthickkeyan R, Naveen Kumar D. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.